今回の内容は、「Despite」と「In spite of」を使った文が正しく作れるようになる方法です。
「Despite」と「In spite of」は意味も使い方も同じで、
「~にも関わらず」という意味で使われます。
この表現は、普段の会話の中でも使いますね。
具合が悪いけど(にも関わらず)会社に行った。
予算は越えているが(にも関わらず)高級車を買った。
人と話すのはとくいじゃないにも関わらず、営業職に異動になった。
これらのフレーズ「~にも関わらず」は、
何らか要因とは対照的な結果や、予想に反する結果となった状況を表現する際に
使用することができます。
「Even though」も、
「Despite」と「In spite of」と同様に使う事ができるフレーズです。
今日は「Despite」と「In spite of」を使った文章を使いこなせるようになる練習をしましょう。
このページは、次の通り進んでいきます。
<Part 1. 解説>
まずは「Despite」と「In spite of」を使った例文を見ていきましょう。
Despite the economy improving, our products have not sold as much as we expect.
(景気が回復しているにもかかわらず、当社の製品は期待したほど売れていません。)
こちらは、
Despite + 【名詞/動名詞】 , + 文章.
といった流れで文が作られています。
もう一度文章を見てみましょう。
Despite the economy improving, our products have not sold as much as we expect.
(景気が回復しているにもかかわらず、当社の製品は期待したほど売れていません。)
これが一つ目構文です。
Despite + 【名詞/動名詞】 , + 文章.
!注意点!
【名詞/動名詞】の後には必ず コンマ(,)が入ります。
話す際には一間を入れて話しましょう。
次に、こちらをご覧ください。
Our products have not sold as much as we expect despite the economy improving.
(景気が回復しているにもかかわらず、当社の製品は期待したほど売れていません。)
一つ目の構文の文章と同じ意味合いですが、
文の構成がことなりますね。
こちらが2つ目の構文です。
文章 + despite + 【名詞/動名詞】 .
といった流れで文が作られています。
Our products have not sold as much as we expect despite the economy improving.
(景気が回復しているにもかかわらず、当社の製品は期待したほど売れていません。)
「Despite」もしくは「In spite of」は、
この2つの構文で使う事ができます。
では、2つの構文を比較してみましょう。
<Part 2. 理解度チェック>
それでは、ここから
「Despite」と「In spite of」を使って
文章を作る練習をしていきましょう。
<問題>
二つの文章があります。
「Despite」もしくは「In spite of」を使って
一つの文章を組み立ててください。
問題①
Please combine two sentences using the word "despite".
- Amy's company faces financial challenges.
(エイミーの会社は財務上の課題に直面している。)
- Amy's company sends her on business trips to various countries every year.
(エイミーの会社は毎年彼女をさまざまな国に出張させる。)
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<Answer>
Despite facing financial challenges, Amy's company sends her on business trips to various countries every year.
もしくは
Amy's company sends her on business trips to various countries every year, despite facing financial challenges.
(エイミーの会社は、財政上の困難に直面しているにもかかわらず、毎年彼女をさまざまな国に出張させています。)
問題②
Please combine two sentences using the word "In spite of".
-Lisa has a fear of public speaking.
(リサは人前で話すのが怖い。)
-Lisa regularly gives presentations at work.
( リサは職場で定期的にプレゼンテーションを行う。)
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<Answer>
Despite her fear of public speaking, Lisa regularly gives presentations at work.
もしくは
Lisa regularly gives presentations at work despite her fear of public speaking.
(リサは人前で話すのが怖いにもかかわらず、職場で定期的にプレゼンテーションを行っています。)
問題③
Please combine two sentences using the word "despite".
-The restaurant is understaffed.
(そのレストランは人手不足だ。)
-The restaurant always provides prompt and friendly service.
(そのレストランは常に迅速かつフレンドリーなサービスを提供する。)
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<Answer>
Despite being understaffed, the restaurant always provides prompt and friendly service.
もしくは
The restaurant always provides prompt and friendly service despite being understaffed.
(人手不足にもかかわらず、そのレストランは常に迅速でフレンドリーなサービスを提供します。)
問題④
Please combine two sentences using the word "In spite of".
-I am not a morning person.
(私は朝型人間ではない。)
-I always arrive at work on time.
(私は常に時間通りに職場に着く。)
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<Answer>
Despite not being a morning person, I always arrive at work on time.
もしくは
I always arrive at work on time despite not being a morning person.
(朝型人間ではないにもかかわらず、私はいつも時間通りに職場に到着します。)
問題⑤
Please combine two sentences using the word "despite".
-Jenny faces language barriers in foreign countries.
(ジェニーは外国で言葉の壁に直面している。)
-Jenny makes new friends easily.
(ジェニーは簡単に新しい友達をつくる。)
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<Answer>
Despite facing language barriers in foreign countries, Jenny makes new friends easily.
もしくは
Jenny makes new friends easily despite facing language barriers in foreign countries.
(外国で言葉の壁に直面しているにもかかわらず、ジェニーはすぐに新しい友達を作ります。)
問題⑥
Please combine two sentences using the word "In spite of".
-There are some technical difficulties.
(技術的にいくつかの問題がある。)
-The conference garnered positive feedback
(カンファレンスでは肯定的なフィードバックを得た。)
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<Answer>
In spite of technical difficulties, the conference garnered positive feedback.
もしくは
The conference garnered positive feedback in spite of technical difficulties.
(技術的な問題があるにもかかわらず、カンファレンスでは肯定的なフィードバックが得られました。)
発音もチェックしたい方は
YouTube動画をご覧ください。↓
<Part 3. スピーキングアクティビティ>
ここからは、講師と一緒に行う事ができるアクティビティです。
下記の教材を講師と一緒に使えるようになっていますので
英会話のレッスンを受けている方は、ぜひご活用ください。
<はじめに / Before you start>
このアクティビティは、講師 1 名と受講生 1 名による 60 分間のプライベートレッスン用に設計されています。ただし、講師1名と受講生 6 名の90分間のグループレッスンでも使用できるように変更できます。
This lesson is designed for a Private Lesson with one teacher and one student with a duration of 60 minutes.
However, this lesson plan could be creatively modified for use in a group of up to six students and one teacher, with a duration of 90 minutes.
受講生の方へ:
講師といくつかのスピーキングアクティビティを行い、講師がフィードバックをくれます。
<Free Practice Speaking Activity 1>では、事前に行っていただくホームワークがあります。ご自身の仕事についてを題材にした1 分間のプレゼンテーションを作成してきてください。
To the student:
When you meet with your teacher, do these Speaking Activities.
Then, your teacher will give you feedback.
Also for homework, please check < Free Practice Speaking Activity 1>. You need to create a 1-minute presentation about your work using "Despite/ In spite of" .
講師の方へ:
この動画をレッスンに参加する前に必ず視聴してください。 宿題についても、「Free Practice Speaking Activity 1」で生徒は 1 分間のプレゼンテーションを作成する必要があります。
To the teacher:
Assign the video at the following link for homework. Make sure that they have watched the video before they come to the lesson.
Also for homework, please check "Free Practice Speaking Activity 1". The student needs to create a 1-minute presentation about their work using "Despite/In spite of~".
< レッスンの流れ / Lesson Flow >
Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 1 (10 minutes)
Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 2 (10 minutes)
Free Practice Speaking Activity 1 (15 minutes)
Free Practice Speaking Activity 2 (25 minutes)
If you have a shorter lesson (40 to 50 minutes), then just complete < Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 2 > and do < Free Practice Speaking Activities 1 &2 >. If you have a 30 minute lesson, do < Free Practice Speaking Activity 2 >.
1. Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 1 (10 minutes)
<Instructions>
受講生の方:
2 つの文章を見て「Despite/ In spite of~」を使って1つの文にまとめます。(文章は書きださずに頭の中で考えてください。
For the student:
Look at the two sentences and combine them into one sentence using "Despite/ In spite of~".
(Do not write the sentences down. Just create the sentence in your mind.)
For the teacher:
Listen to your student as they combine the two sentences into one sentence using "Despite/ In spite of~". Make sure that the sentences make sense.
This should be the first time that the student sees this exercise, so if they tell you that they see a new vocabulary word, please explain it and then mark it down for further review. You can find the answer key for the exercise at the bottom of this page.
1.)
The company faced tough market competition.
The company managed to increase its market share.
2.)
The startup had limited resources.
The startup successfully launched its innovative product.
3.)
The business encountered economic downturns.
The business has consistently expanded its product line.
4.)
The budget is tight.
The marketing team executed a successful advertising campaign.
5.)
They experienced supply chain disruptions.
The company delivered products to clients on time.
6.)
The team faced communication challenges.
The multinational team achieved project milestones.
2.Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 2 (10 minutes)
<Instructions>
受講生の方:
文章を見て「Despite/ In spite of~」を使って空欄を埋めてください。
(文章は書きださずに頭の中で考えてください。)
For the student:
Look at the sentences and fill in the blanks using "Despite/ In spite of~".
(Do not write the sentences down. Just create the sentence in your mind.)
For the teacher:
Listen to your student as they fill in the blanks of the sentences using "Despite/ In Spite of~". Give your student 5 seconds to think of suitable information to put in the blank. Make sure that the sentence makes sense before moving onto the next one.
This should be the first time that the student sees this exercise, so if they tell you that they see a new vocabulary word, please explain it and then mark it down for further review.
1.) _______________, the team managed to meet the quarterly targets.
2.) She handled the client's complaints professionally, _______________.
3.) _______________, the company experienced a significant increase in profits.
4.) _______________, the IT department resolved the problem swiftly.
5.) The project failed, _______________.
6.) _______________, the marketing campaign attracted a large number of new customers.
3. Free Practice Speaking Activity 1 (15 minutes)
<Instructions>
受講生の方:
ここでは、あなたの仕事について1分間のプレゼンテーションを行います。
事前にプレゼンテーションの準備が必要です。
先生に1分間、あなたの仕事を題材にしたプレゼンテーションを行ってください。「Despite/ In spite of~」を正しく使用できたかを先生が教えてくれます。次に、先生がプレゼンテーションについて質問するので、先生の質問に答えてください。
For the student:
For homework, your teacher told you to prepare a short 1-minute presentation about your work. Please deliver that presentation to your teacher now. Your teacher will tell you if you used "Despite/ In spite of~" correctly.
Then, your teacher will ask you questions about your presentation. Please answer your teacher's questions.
For the teacher:
Your student will deliver a 1-minute presentation about their work.
Listen carefully to make sure that they used "Despite/ In spite of~" correctly.
Correct any mistakes that they made and make sure they understand the mistakes.
Then ask them questions about the presentation.
Then, after 10 minutes of discussion, give them feedback about their mistakes for 5 minutes.
4. Free Practice Speaking Activity 2 (25 minutes)
<Instruction>
受講生の方:
あなたの仕事について15~20分間のビジネスディスカッションを行います。 「Despite/ In spite of~」を使って自分の仕事に関連した内容について話してください。先生はあなたの話を聞いて、ビジネスディスカッションを続けるための質問をします。
For the student:
You will have a 15 to 20 minute Business Discussion about your work. Please talk about anything related to your job.
Try to use "Despite/ In spite of~", if possible.
Your teacher will listen and ask you questions to continue the Business Discussion.
For the teacher:
Your student will start a 15 to 20 minute Business Discussion about their work. They can talk about any topic, but they will try to use "Despite/In spite of~" where possible.
Listen carefully and ask very conversational questions.
As the Business Discussion progresses, take notes of how they use "Despite/ In spite of~".
If they use it incorrectly, make note of it. Then after the 15 to 20 minute Business Discussion is over, give feedback for 5 to 10 minutes and explain their mistakes.
レッスンはこれで終了です。お疲れでした!
Controlled Practice Speaking Activity 1 ANSWER KEY
1.)
Despite facing tough market competition, the company managed to increase its market share.
The company managed to increase its market share, despite facing tough market competition.
2.)
In spite of having limited resources, the startup successfully launched its innovative product.
The startup successfully launched its innovative product, in spite of having limited resources.
3.)
Despite encountering economic downturns, the business has consistently expanded its product line.
The business has consistently expanded its product line, despite encountering economic downturns.
4.)
In spite of a tight budget, the marketing team executed a successful advertising campaign.
The marketing team executed a successful advertising campaign, in spite of a tight budget.
5.)
Despite experiencing supply chain disruptions, the company delivered products to clients on time.
The company delivered products to clients on time, despite experiencing supply chain disruptions.
6.)
In spite of facing communication challenges, the multinational team achieved project milestones.
The multinational team achieved project milestones, in spite of facing communication challenges.